* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* ============================================================
   Publications library
   ============================================================ */
.publications-library-page { min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 92px; overflow-x: clip; }
.publications-page-title { max-width: 880px; }
.publications-page-title p { max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.publication-browser { min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; margin-top: 34px; }
.publication-toolbar {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, .45fr) minmax(0, 1.55fr);
  min-width: 0;
  gap: 38px;
  align-items: end;
  padding: 0 0 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.publication-toolbar h2 { margin: 0 0 7px; color: var(--ink); font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.2; }
.publication-count { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }
.publication-count strong { color: var(--pku-red); }
.publication-filter-groups {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 9px;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}
.publication-filters {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 2px 1px;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}
.publication-filter {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 8px 13px;
  border: 1px solid #d7dadd;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #44505a;
  background: #fff;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease, background .2s ease;
}
.publication-filter:hover,
.publication-filter.is-active { border-color: var(--pku-red); color: #fff; background: var(--pku-red); }
.publication-list,
.publication-year-group { min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; }
.publication-year-group { padding: 44px 0 0; }
.publication-year-heading {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 13px;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--ink);
}
.publication-year-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 48px);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
}
.publication-year-heading > span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }
.publication-record {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 25px 0 27px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  min-width: 0;
}
.publication-number { padding-top: 4px; color: var(--pku-red); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.publication-record-content h3 {
  max-width: 1050px;
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.75vw, 22px);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.38;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.publication-record-content { min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; }
.publication-authors,
.publication-details { max-width: 1120px; margin: 5px 0; color: #4c5760; font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.62; }
.publication-details { color: #6c747b; font-style: italic; }
.publication-authors,
.publication-details { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.publication-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; }
.publication-action {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  min-height: 32px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(140, 21, 21, .42);
  border-radius: 3px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  background: #fff;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.publication-action:not(.is-disabled):hover { color: #fff; background: var(--pku-red); }
.publication-action.is-disabled { border-color: #d8dadd; color: #8a9197; background: #f5f6f7; cursor: not-allowed; }
.publication-action small { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 600; }
.publication-badges { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.publication-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 22px;
  padding: 2px 9px;
  border: 1px solid #d7dadd;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.publication-badge-journal { border-color: rgba(140, 21, 21, .45); color: var(--pku-red); background: rgba(140, 21, 21, .05); }
.publication-badge-conference { border-color: rgba(35, 72, 111, .42); color: #23486f; background: rgba(35, 72, 111, .06); }
.publication-badge-preprint { border-color: #c9ced3; color: #44505a; background: #f5f6f7; }
.publication-badge-other { border-color: #d9d2c2; color: #7a6a45; background: #faf7ef; }
.publication-empty { margin: 44px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 15px; }

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .publication-toolbar { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 17px; }
  .publication-filter-groups { align-items: flex-start; }
  .publication-filters { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .publications-library-page { padding-bottom: 64px; }
  .publication-browser { margin-top: 22px; }
  .publication-year-group { padding-top: 36px; }
  .publication-record { grid-template-columns: 30px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 11px; padding: 21px 0 23px; }
  .publication-authors,
  .publication-details { font-size: 13.5px; }
}

/* ============================================================
   Facilities — Equipment Library
   ============================================================ */
.equipment-library-page,
.equipment-modal {
  --equipment-red: #8c0000;
  --equipment-navy: #101923;
  --equipment-blue: #1a2c3d;
  --equipment-mist: #f3f5f6;
  --equipment-line: #dce1e4;
  overflow: clip;
  color: var(--equipment-navy);
}

.equipment-library-page .container {
  width: min(1240px, 86%);
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px !important;
  height: 1px !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: -1px !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  border: 0 !important;
}

.equipment-hero {
  padding: 92px 0 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 82% 22%, rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.08), transparent 26%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0%, #f7f8f8 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
}

.equipment-hero-inner {
  max-width: 1240px;
}

.equipment-eyebrow,
.equipment-section-label {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--equipment-red);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.equipment-hero h1 {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  font-size: clamp(48px, 6vw, 76px);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
}

.equipment-hero-lead {
  max-width: 940px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #43505b;
  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.7vw, 20px);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.equipment-stat-bar {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 64px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
}

.equipment-stat-bar > div {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 24px 28px 28px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
}

.equipment-stat-bar > div:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.equipment-stat-bar > div:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.equipment-stat-bar strong,
.equipment-stat-bar > div > span {
  display: block;
}

.equipment-stat-bar strong {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  color: var(--equipment-navy);
  font-size: clamp(24px, 2vw, 30px);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.equipment-stat-bar > div > span {
  color: #5c6872;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.equipment-catalog,
.equipment-capability-section {
  width: min(1240px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto 28px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 84px 0 92px;
}

.equipment-section-heading {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.equipment-section-heading h2,
.equipment-collaboration h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 50px);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}

.equipment-result-count {
  flex: none;
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  color: #68737c;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.equipment-result-count strong {
  color: var(--equipment-red);
  font-size: 18px;
}

.equipment-filters {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-bottom: 42px;
  padding-bottom: 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
}

.equipment-filter {
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  border: 1px solid #cfd5d9;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #fff;
  color: #384550;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 220ms ease, background 220ms ease, border-color 220ms ease;
}

.equipment-filter:hover,
.equipment-filter.is-active {
  border-color: var(--equipment-red);
  background: var(--equipment-red);
  color: #fff;
}

.equipment-filter:focus-visible,
.equipment-card:focus-visible,
.equipment-modal button:focus-visible,
.equipment-modal a:focus-visible,
.equipment-matrix:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.28);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.equipment-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 34px 28px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.equipment-card-item {
  min-width: 0;
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1);
  transition: opacity 240ms ease, transform 240ms ease;
}

.equipment-card-item.is-filtered-out {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0.97);
}

.equipment-card-item[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.equipment-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
  border-top: 3px solid #cbd1d5;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: #fff;
  color: inherit;
  font: inherit;
  text-align: left;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(15, 25, 35, 0.055);
  transition: transform 240ms ease, box-shadow 240ms ease, border-color 240ms ease;
}

.equipment-card:hover,
.equipment-card:focus-visible {
  z-index: 1;
  border-top-color: var(--equipment-red);
  transform: translateY(-7px);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(15, 25, 35, 0.13);
}

.equipment-media {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #eef1f2;
}

.equipment-media-card {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
}

.equipment-media img {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 260ms ease;
}

.equipment-media-credit {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  right: 8px;
  bottom: 8px;
  max-width: calc(100% - 16px);
  padding: 4px 7px;
  background: rgba(8, 16, 24, 0.76);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-align: right;
}

.equipment-card:hover .equipment-media img,
.equipment-card:focus-visible .equipment-media img {
  transform: scale(1.035);
}

.equipment-image-placeholder {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: #7a858e;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.equipment-image-placeholder[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.equipment-image-placeholder::before,
.equipment-image-placeholder::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  background: rgba(16, 25, 35, 0.035);
}

.equipment-image-placeholder::before {
  width: 1px;
  height: 160%;
  transform: rotate(35deg);
}

.equipment-image-placeholder::after {
  width: 1px;
  height: 160%;
  transform: rotate(-35deg);
}

.equipment-image-placeholder svg {
  width: 58px;
  height: auto;
  fill: none;
  stroke: #9aa3aa;
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.equipment-card-body {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 24px 24px 25px;
}

.equipment-card-meta {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 27px;
  margin-bottom: 13px;
}

.equipment-source {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 26px;
  padding: 4px 9px;
  border: 1px solid #ced5d9;
  background: #f5f6f6;
  color: #46535e;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  line-height: 1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.equipment-source-custom-built {
  border-color: rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.28);
  background: rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.065);
  color: var(--equipment-red);
}

.equipment-card-name,
.equipment-card-name-zh,
.equipment-card-summary,
.equipment-card-link {
  display: block;
}

.equipment-card-name {
  color: var(--equipment-navy);
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.equipment-card-name-zh {
  min-height: 24px;
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: #67727b;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.equipment-card-summary {
  min-height: 74px;
  margin-top: 16px;
  color: #46525c;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.equipment-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.equipment-tags > span {
  padding: 5px 8px;
  background: var(--equipment-mist);
  color: #4d5962;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.equipment-card-link {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 24px;
  color: var(--equipment-red);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.equipment-card-link > span:last-child {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 4px;
  transition: transform 220ms ease;
}

.equipment-card:hover .equipment-card-link > span:last-child {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

.equipment-capability-section {
  background: var(--equipment-mist);
  border-top: none;
}

.equipment-matrix-heading > p {
  max-width: 470px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #59656f;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.equipment-matrix {
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid #d6dce0;
  background: #fff;
  scrollbar-color: var(--equipment-red) #e8ebed;
}

.equipment-matrix table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 1240px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  table-layout: fixed;
}

.equipment-matrix th,
.equipment-matrix td {
  padding: 17px 14px;
  border-right: 1px solid #e5e8ea;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e8ea;
  text-align: center;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.equipment-matrix th:last-child,
.equipment-matrix td:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.equipment-matrix tbody tr:last-child th,
.equipment-matrix tbody tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.equipment-matrix thead th {
  background: var(--equipment-navy);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.equipment-matrix thead th:first-child,
.equipment-matrix tbody th {
  width: 190px;
  text-align: left;
}

.equipment-matrix tbody th {
  color: #263541;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.equipment-matrix tbody tr:hover {
  background: #fbf7f7;
}

.equipment-matrix .has-capability {
  color: var(--equipment-red);
  font-size: 20px;
}

.equipment-matrix .conditional-capability {
  color: #7a5d28;
  background: #fbf6ea;
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.equipment-matrix .support-capability {
  color: #266c7d;
  background: #edf7f8;
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.equipment-matrix .planned-capability {
  color: #6e4d85;
  background: #f6effa;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.equipment-matrix .no-capability {
  color: #bcc3c8;
}

.equipment-matrix .partial-capability {
  color: #6f5d46;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.equipment-matrix-note {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px 18px;
  margin: 16px 0 0;
  color: #647079;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.matrix-legend-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.matrix-legend-direct > span:first-child { color: var(--equipment-red); }
.matrix-legend-conditional > span:first-child { color: #7a5d28; }
.matrix-legend-support > span:first-child { color: #266c7d; }
.matrix-legend-planned > span:first-child { color: #6e4d85; font-weight: 900; }

.matrix-dot {
  color: var(--equipment-red);
}

.matrix-partial {
  margin-left: 10px;
  padding: 2px 7px;
  background: #eee8df;
  color: #6f5d46;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.equipment-collaboration {
  padding: 92px 0;
  background: var(--equipment-navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.equipment-collaboration-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 64px;
  align-items: center;
}

.equipment-collaboration h2 {
  color: #fff;
}

.equipment-collaboration p:not(.equipment-section-label) {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 20px 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.equipment-cta-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
}

.equipment-cta-actions a,
.equipment-discuss-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 48px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 11px 19px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.34);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 220ms ease, border-color 220ms ease, color 220ms ease;
}

.equipment-cta-actions a:hover,
.equipment-cta-primary {
  border-color: var(--equipment-red) !important;
  background: var(--equipment-red);
}

.equipment-cta-primary:hover {
  border-color: #fff !important;
  background: #fff !important;
  color: var(--equipment-red) !important;
}

body.equipment-modal-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.equipment-modal[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.equipment-modal {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 3000;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 4vh 4vw;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(7, 13, 19, 0.72);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 220ms ease;
}

.equipment-modal.is-open {
  opacity: 1;
}

.equipment-modal-panel {
  width: min(1080px, 100%);
  max-height: 92vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 30px 90px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);
  transform: translateY(18px);
  transition: transform 220ms ease;
}

.equipment-modal.is-open .equipment-modal-panel {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.equipment-modal-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 5;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 28px 32px 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.97);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.equipment-modal-header h2 {
  margin: 13px 0 0;
  color: var(--equipment-navy);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.equipment-modal-title-zh {
  margin: 7px 0 0;
  color: #66727b;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.equipment-modal-close {
  display: inline-flex;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  flex: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid #d7dcdf;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--equipment-navy);
  font-size: 30px;
  line-height: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 180ms ease, border-color 180ms ease, background 180ms ease;
}

.equipment-modal-close:hover {
  border-color: var(--equipment-red);
  background: var(--equipment-red);
  color: #fff;
}

.equipment-modal-media-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(300px, 0.85fr);
  gap: 34px;
  padding: 32px;
}

.equipment-source-credit,
.equipment-principle-source {
  display: inline-flex;
  margin-top: 9px;
  color: #6c7780;
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a.equipment-source-credit:hover,
a.equipment-principle-source:hover {
  color: var(--equipment-red);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.equipment-media-detail {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
}

.equipment-modal-summary {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
}

.equipment-modal-summary p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #46535e;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.equipment-discuss-button {
  margin-top: 24px;
  border-color: var(--equipment-red);
  background: var(--equipment-red);
}

.equipment-discuss-button:hover {
  background: var(--equipment-navy);
  border-color: var(--equipment-navy);
}

.equipment-tabs {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 0 32px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
}

.equipment-tabs button {
  position: relative;
  flex: none;
  padding: 17px 20px;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: #637079;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.equipment-tabs button::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 20px;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 20px;
  height: 3px;
  background: transparent;
}

.equipment-tabs button:hover,
.equipment-tabs button.is-active {
  color: var(--equipment-red);
}

.equipment-tabs button.is-active::after {
  background: var(--equipment-red);
}

.equipment-tab-panels {
  min-height: 270px;
  padding: 32px;
}

.equipment-tab-panels [role="tabpanel"][hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.equipment-tab-panels h3 {
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  color: var(--equipment-navy);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.equipment-tab-panels p {
  color: #53606a;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.equipment-detail-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 36px;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.equipment-detail-columns-three {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 0;
}

.equipment-detail-columns > div {
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--equipment-red);
}

.equipment-detail-list,
.equipment-reference-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 19px;
  color: #53606a;
}

.equipment-detail-list li,
.equipment-reference-list li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.equipment-reference-list li {
  padding: 13px 0 15px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e8ea;
}

.equipment-reference-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.equipment-reference-list p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.equipment-reference-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.equipment-reference-actions a,
.equipment-reference-verified {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 25px;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  border: 1px solid #d4dade;
  color: #43515c;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.equipment-reference-actions a:hover {
  border-color: var(--equipment-red);
  color: var(--equipment-red);
}

.equipment-reference-verified {
  border-color: #bdd8ca;
  background: #eff8f3;
  color: #236044;
}

.equipment-pending {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 8px 11px;
  background: var(--equipment-mist);
  color: #74808a !important;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.equipment-principle-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: center;
}

.equipment-principle-figure {
  margin: 0;
  min-width: 0;
}

.equipment-principle-image-link {
  display: block;
}

body.lang-zh .equipment-principle-image-link.lang-only-zh {
  display: block !important;
}

.equipment-principle-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 390px;
  border: 1px solid #d8dde0;
  background: #fff;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.equipment-principle-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.equipment-principle-note {
  margin: 8px 0 0 !important;
  color: #60727e !important;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  line-height: 1.6 !important;
}

.equipment-principle-placeholder {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 190px;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 13px;
  border: 1px dashed #c9d0d4;
  background: var(--equipment-mist);
  color: #75808a;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.equipment-principle-placeholder svg {
  width: 130px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: #9ca7ae;
  stroke-width: 2;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .equipment-library-page .container {
    width: min(92%, 960px);
  }

  .equipment-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar > div:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar > div:nth-child(-n + 2) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
  }

  .equipment-collaboration-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 34px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .equipment-hero {
    padding-top: 62px;
  }

  .equipment-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(42px, 13vw, 58px);
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar {
    margin-top: 42px;
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar > div {
    padding: 19px 14px 21px;
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar > div:first-child,
  .equipment-stat-bar > div:nth-child(3) {
    padding-left: 0;
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar strong {
    font-size: 24px;
  }

  .equipment-catalog,
  .equipment-capability-section {
    padding: 72px 0 80px;
  }

  .equipment-section-heading {
    display: block;
  }

  .equipment-result-count {
    margin-top: 14px;
  }

  .equipment-filters {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin-right: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scrollbar-width: thin;
  }

  .facilities-page .main-nav {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scrollbar-width: thin;
  }

  .equipment-filter {
    flex: none;
  }

  .equipment-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .equipment-card-summary {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .equipment-matrix-heading > p {
    margin-top: 16px;
  }

  .equipment-collaboration {
    padding: 72px 0;
  }

  .equipment-cta-actions {
    display: grid;
  }

  .equipment-modal {
    align-items: stretch;
    padding: 0;
  }

  .equipment-modal-panel {
    width: 100%;
    max-height: none;
    min-height: 100%;
    border-radius: 0;
  }

  .equipment-modal-header {
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .equipment-modal-header h2 {
    font-size: 29px;
  }

  .equipment-modal-media-row,
  .equipment-principle-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .equipment-modal-media-row {
    gap: 24px;
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .equipment-tabs {
    padding: 0 7px;
  }

  .equipment-tabs button {
    padding: 15px 13px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .equipment-tabs button::after {
    right: 13px;
    left: 13px;
  }

  .equipment-tab-panels {
    padding: 24px 20px 40px;
  }

  .equipment-detail-columns,
  .equipment-detail-columns-three {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 430px) {
  .equipment-stat-bar {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar > div,
  .equipment-stat-bar > div:nth-child(2),
  .equipment-stat-bar > div:nth-child(-n + 2) {
    padding: 17px 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
  }

  .equipment-stat-bar > div:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .equipment-card,
  .equipment-card-item,
  .equipment-media img,
  .equipment-card-link > span,
  .equipment-modal,
  .equipment-modal-panel {
    transition: none !important;
  }
}

/* Compact Facilities page composition */
.equipment-library-page > .equipment-page-heading {
  width: min(1180px, 92%) !important;
  padding: 52px 0 0;
}

.equipment-page-heading .equipment-page-title {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.equipment-page-heading .equipment-page-title p {
  max-width: 1050px;
  margin: 20px 0 0;
  color: #4b5862;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.equipment-library-page .equipment-catalog {
  padding: 20px 0 108px;
}

.equipment-filter-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--equipment-line);
}

.equipment-filter-toolbar .equipment-filters {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.equipment-filter-toolbar .equipment-result-count {
  padding-top: 9px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .equipment-library-page > .equipment-page-heading {
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }

  .equipment-library-page .equipment-catalog {
    padding-top: 18px;
  }

  .equipment-filter-toolbar {
    display: block;
  }

  .equipment-filter-toolbar .equipment-filters {
    padding-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .equipment-filter-toolbar .equipment-result-count {
    margin: 12px 0 16px;
    padding-top: 0;
  }
}

:root {
  --pku-red: #8c1515;
  --pku-dark-red: #5f0f0f;
  --ink: #222222;
  --text: #3f3f3f;
  --muted: #6b6b6b;
  --line: #d8d8d8;
  --light: #f7f6f2;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --nav-dark: #242424;
  --warm: #f2eee8;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Render the site at 75% visual scale on desktop, so 100% browser zoom
   matches the previously preferred 75% zoom appearance. Mobile is
   unaffected (effective viewport stays below the breakpoint). */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  html { zoom: 0.9375; }
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: anti7aliased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.container {
  width: min(1180px, 92%);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
}

p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: -999px;
  top: 0;
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  z-index: 999;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  left: 10px;
  top: 10px;
}

/* Stanford-like brand bar */
.university-bar {
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
}

.university-inner {
  min-height: 48px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.university-inner a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

/* Stanford-like lockup */
.lab-lockup {
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.lockup-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 255px 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 26px 0;
}

.lockup-brand {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 78px 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: center;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-right: 24px;
}

.lockup-wordmark {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 42px;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.06em;
}

.lockup-school {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #444;
}

.lockup-title {
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 42px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.lockup-subtitle {
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
}

/* Navigation */
.main-nav {
  background: var(--nav-dark);
  color: #fff;
}

.nav-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.main-nav a {
  display: block;
  padding: 15px 20px;
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.main-nav a:last-child {
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.main-nav a:hover,
.main-nav a.active {
  background: var(--pku-red);
}

/* Old header compatibility for other pages */
.lab-header {
  display: none;
}

.site-search {
  display: none;
}

/* Home banner */
.site-banner {
  min-height: 470px;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.58), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.20)),
    var(--banner-image),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #4b4b4b, #ddd);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.banner-overlay {
  min-height: 470px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
}

.banner-content {
  padding-bottom: 52px;
}

.banner-content h1 {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(38px, 5vw, 64px);
  line-height: 1.04;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.banner-content p {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* Home content */
.home-body {
  padding: 52px 0 70px;
}

.lab-introduction {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin-bottom: 46px;
}

.lab-introduction p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.feature-image-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
  margin: 46px 0 56px;
}

.feature-image-row figure {
  margin: 0;
}

.feature-image-row figcaption {
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  text-align: right;
}

.large-photo {
  min-height: 310px;
}

.home-two-column {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 52px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.home-two-column > div {
  padding: 32px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.home-two-column h2 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  font-size: 28px;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.home-two-column ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 22px;
}

.home-two-column li {
  margin-bottom: 9px;
  color: var(--text);
}

.goal-approach {
  margin: 58px 0 54px;
  padding: 34px 38px;
  background: var(--light);
  border-left: 6px solid var(--pku-red);
}

.goal-approach h2 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  font-size: 32px;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.goal-approach p {
  max-width: 980px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
}

.home-updates {
  margin-top: 58px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.home-updates h2 {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 26px 0 14px;
  font-size: 32px;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.home-updates article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 150px 1fr;
  gap: 26px;
  padding: 22px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.home-updates time {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.home-updates p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 17px;
}

/* Image placeholder system */
.image-box {
  min-height: 210px;
  border: 1px solid #cfc8c1;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.10), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86)),
    var(--image),
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 28px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 28px);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-color: #efe8df;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  color: #333;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.image-box span {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
  padding: 8px 12px;
  max-width: 88%;
}

.image-box-large {
  min-height: 420px;
}

/* Shared pages */
main {
  min-height: 56vh;
}

.page-layout {
  padding: 52px 0 68px;
}

.page-title {
  margin-bottom: 42px;
  padding-bottom: 28px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  position: relative;
}

.page-title::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 76px;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--pku-red);
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.page-title h1,
.page-title h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: clamp(36px, 4vw, 52px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}

.page-title p {
  max-width: 880px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 19px;
}

.content-section {
  margin-bottom: 38px;
  max-width: 980px;
}

.content-section h3 {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 25px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.content-section p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 17px;
}

.two-column {
  max-width: none;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
}

.two-column > div {
  border-top: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--light);
  padding: 24px 26px;
}

.two-column ul {
  padding-left: 22px;
}

.two-column li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

/* Research / Facilities / Contact shared layout */
.research-overview,
.facility-intro,
.contact-layout,
.news-feature {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.55fr 1fr;
  gap: 36px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  margin-bottom: 42px;
}

.research-overview h3,
.facility-intro h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 25px;
}

.research-overview p,
.facility-intro p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 17px;
}

.research-index,
.facility-summary-box,
.contact-side-box,
.news-feature-text {
  background: var(--light);
  border-left: 5px solid var(--pku-red);
  padding: 24px 26px;
}

.research-index h3,
.facility-summary-box h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.research-index a {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-index a:hover {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.research-block {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.95fr 1.25fr;
  gap: 38px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 46px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-block.reverse {
  grid-template-columns: 1.25fr 0.95fr;
}

.research-block.reverse .research-image {
  order: 2;
}

.research-block.reverse .research-text {
  order: 1;
}

.research-image {
  min-height: 320px;
}

.research-label {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.research-text h3 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  font-size: 29px;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.research-text p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 17px;
}

.research-text li {
  margin-bottom: 7px;
}

/* Facilities */
.facility-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}

.facility-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.facility-image {
  min-height: 250px;
}

.facility-content {
  padding: 24px 26px;
}

.facility-content h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.22;
}

.facility-content p {
  color: var(--text);
}

.facility-content li {
  margin-bottom: 7px;
}

.facility-note,
.alumni-section {
  margin-top: 46px;
  padding: 30px;
  background: var(--light);
  border-top: 5px solid var(--pku-red);
}

/* People */
.people-section {
  margin-bottom: 52px;
}

.people-section h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 30px;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.pi-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 26px;
}

.people-photo {
  min-height: 260px;
}

.pi-photo {
  min-height: 340px;
}

.pi-info h3,
.member-info h3 {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  font-size: 24px;
}

.people-role {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 0;
}

.people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 26px;
}

.member-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 170px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 18px;
}

.member-card .people-photo {
  min-height: 220px;
}

.member-info p,
.alumni-list p {
  color: var(--text);
}

/* News */
.news-feature {
  align-items: center;
}

.news-feature-image {
  min-height: 360px;
}

.news-date,
.news-category {
  color: var(--pku-red) !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-feature-text h2 {
  margin: 8px 0 14px;
  font-size: 30px;
  line-height: 1.22;
}

.news-feature-text p,
.news-list-content p {
  color: var(--text);
}

.news-list-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 26px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.news-inline-image {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 620px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.12);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.news-photo-figure {
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 18px 0 6px;
}

.news-photo {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.1);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.12);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.news-photo:hover {
  transform: scale(1.015);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.18);
}

.news-photo-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted, #5f6368);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Search results */
.search-group-heading {
  margin: 28px 0 6px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 15px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.search-result-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  padding: 2px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line, #cfc8c1);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.search-count {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.search-results mark {
  background: rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.14);
  color: inherit;
  padding: 0 1px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.news-date-box {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--light);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 13px 8px;
  height: fit-content;
}

.news-date-box .month {
  display: block;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 20px;
}

.news-date-box .year {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.news-list-content h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-size: 23px;
}

/* Contact */
.contact-main {
  display: grid;
  gap: 28px;
}

.contact-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 28px;
}

.contact-card h3,
.contact-side-box h3 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 24px;
}

.contact-card p,
.contact-side-box p {
  color: var(--text);
}

.contact-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 160px 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ececec;
}

.contact-row:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.contact-label {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.contact-side {
  display: grid;
  gap: 24px;
  align-content: start;
}

.map-placeholder {
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding-top: 32px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.map-box {
  min-height: 320px;
}

/* Location section on the contact page */
.location-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 5fr) 7fr;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.location-info {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
  align-content: start;
}

.location-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
}

.location-links a {
  border: 1px solid var(--line, #cfc8c1);
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.location-links a:hover {
  border-color: var(--pku-red);
}

.map-placeholder h3 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 28px;
}

.map-embed {
  min-height: 340px;
  height: 340px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.12);
  border-radius: 6px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

@media (max-width: 800px) {
  .location-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 800px) {
  .location-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
  background: #2c2c2c;
  color: #fff;
  border-top: 6px solid var(--pku-red);
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
  padding: 40px 0;
}

.site-footer h3,
.site-footer h4 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 6px 0;
  color: #dedede;
}

.footer-bottom {
  background: #111;
  color: #cfcfcf;
  padding: 14px 0;
  font-size: 13px;
}

/* Interactions */
a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.facility-card,
.member-card,
.pi-card,
.contact-card {
  transition: box-shadow 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.facility-card:hover,
.member-card:hover,
.pi-card:hover,
.contact-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .lockup-inner,
  .feature-image-row,
  .home-two-column,
  .research-overview,
  .facility-intro,
  .contact-layout,
  .news-feature,
  .research-block,
  .research-block.reverse {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .news-list-item {
    grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .facility-grid,
  .people-grid,
  .two-column,
  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-block.reverse .research-image,
  .research-block.reverse .research-text {
    order: initial;
  }

  .pi-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .member-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .university-inner {
    min-height: 44px;
  }

  .university-inner a {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .lockup-wordmark {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .lockup-title {
    font-size: 29px;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    padding: 13px 14px;
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .site-banner,
  .banner-overlay {
    min-height: 420px;
  }

  .banner-content {
    padding-bottom: 36px;
  }

  .banner-content h1 {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .banner-content p {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .lab-introduction p {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .home-updates article,
  .news-list-item,
  .contact-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .news-date-box {
    width: 92px;
  }
}

/* Stanford-like People page, applied only to people.html */
.people-page-v2 {
  padding-top: 52px;
}

.people-page-title {
  margin-bottom: 36px;
}

.people-layout-v2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr;
  gap: 44px;
  align-items: start;
}

.people-filter {
  position: sticky;
  top: 18px;
}

.filter-heading {
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 15px 18px;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.filter-menu {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 0;
  background: #fff;
}

.filter-menu a {
  display: block;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.filter-menu a:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.filter-menu a:hover,
.filter-menu a.active {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--light);
}

.people-results {
  min-width: 0;
}

.result-label {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.people-category {
  margin-bottom: 58px;
}

.people-category h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 32px;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.people-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 34px 28px;
}

.pi-grid {
  max-width: 320px;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.person-card-v2 {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: box-shadow 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.person-card-v2:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.person-photo-v2 {
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.10), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86)),
    var(--image),
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 28px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 28px);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-color: #efe8df;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  padding: 14px;
}

.person-photo-v2 span {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
  padding: 7px 10px;
  color: #333;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.person-content-v2 {
  padding: 18px 18px 20px;
}

.person-content-v2 h3 {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.person-content-v2 p {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.person-content-v2 .person-meta {
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.people-load-more {
  margin-top: 10px;
  padding-top: 8px;
}

.people-load-more button {
  border: 1px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 12px 20px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.people-load-more button:hover {
  background: var(--pku-dark-red);
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .people-layout-v2 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .people-filter {
    position: static;
  }

  .people-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }

  .pi-grid {
    max-width: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .people-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .people-category h2 {
    font-size: 28px;
  }
}

/* Unified Stanford-like top header */
.university-bar {
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
}

.university-inner {
  min-height: 48px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.university-inner a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.lab-lockup {
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.lockup-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 255px 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 26px 0;
}

.lockup-brand {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 78px 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: center;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-right: 24px;
}

.lockup-wordmark {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 42px;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.06em;
}

.lockup-school {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #444;
}

.lockup-title {
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 42px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.lockup-subtitle {
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
}

.lab-header {
  display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .lockup-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-bottom: 18px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .university-inner {
    min-height: 44px;
  }

  .university-inner a {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .lockup-wordmark {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .lockup-title {
    font-size: 29px;
  }
}

/* Unified Stanford-like top header */
.university-bar {
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
}

.university-inner {
  min-height: 48px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.university-inner a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.lab-lockup {
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.lockup-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 255px 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 26px 0;
}

.lockup-brand {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 78px 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: center;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-right: 24px;
}

.lockup-wordmark {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 42px;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.06em;
}

.lockup-school {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #444;
}

.lockup-title {
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 42px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.lockup-subtitle {
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
}

.lab-header {
  display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .lockup-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-bottom: 18px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .university-inner {
    min-height: 44px;
  }

  .university-inner a {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .lockup-wordmark {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .lockup-title {
    font-size: 29px;
  }
}

/* Better About page */
.about-page-v2 .page-title {
  margin-bottom: 42px;
}

.about-lead-v2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.85fr 1.35fr;
  gap: 58px;
  padding-bottom: 48px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.about-lead-v2 h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.8vw, 46px);
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.about-lead-v2 p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.thermal-stack {
  padding: 52px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.thermal-stack h2,
.about-method-v2 h2,
.about-platform-v2 h2,
.about-closing-v2 h2 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  font-size: 34px;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.stack-diagram {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.stack-diagram div {
  min-height: 180px;
  padding: 24px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff, var(--light));
}

.stack-diagram span {
  display: block;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.stack-diagram p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 16px;
}

.about-method-v2 {
  padding: 52px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.method-grid-v2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.method-grid-v2 article {
  padding: 28px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.method-number {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.method-grid-v2 h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 25px;
}

.method-grid-v2 p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 16px;
}

.about-platform-v2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.35fr 0.9fr;
  gap: 42px;
  padding: 52px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.about-platform-v2 p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
}

.about-platform-v2 aside {
  background: var(--light);
  border-left: 5px solid var(--pku-red);
  padding: 28px;
}

.platform-stat {
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.platform-stat:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.platform-stat strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.platform-stat span {
  display: block;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-top: 6px;
}

.about-closing-v2 {
  padding-top: 52px;
}

.about-closing-v2 p {
  max-width: 900px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

/* Better Publications page */
.publications-layout-v2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr;
  gap: 44px;
  align-items: start;
}

.pub-sidebar-v2 {
  position: sticky;
  top: 18px;
}

.pub-sidebar-title {
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 15px 18px;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.pub-filter-v2 {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 0;
  background: #fff;
}

.pub-filter-v2 a {
  display: block;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.pub-filter-v2 a:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-filter-v2 a:hover,
.pub-filter-v2 a.active {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--light);
}

.pub-main-v2 {
  min-width: 0;
}

.pub-intro-v2 {
  padding-bottom: 36px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.pub-intro-v2 h2,
.pub-empty-v2 h2,
.pub-themes-v2 h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 32px;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.pub-intro-v2 p,
.pub-empty-v2 p {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.pub-empty-v2 {
  padding: 28px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub-section-heading {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: baseline;
}

.pub-section-heading span {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pub-themes-v2 {
  padding-top: 42px;
}

.pub-theme-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub-theme-grid article {
  padding: 24px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.pub-theme-grid h3 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 22px;
}

.pub-theme-grid p {
  color: var(--text);
  margin: 0;
}

.pub-record-v2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr;
  gap: 22px;
  padding: 26px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub-year-v2 {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.pub-record-body h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.pub-authors-v2,
.pub-journal-v2 {
  color: var(--text);
  margin: 4px 0;
}

.pub-links-v2 a {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  margin-right: 16px;
}

.pub-links-v2 a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .about-lead-v2,
  .about-platform-v2,
  .publications-layout-v2 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .stack-diagram,
  .method-grid-v2,
  .pub-theme-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .pub-sidebar-v2 {
    position: static;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .about-lead-v2 p,
  .about-closing-v2 p {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .pub-section-heading {
    display: block;
  }
}

/* Header search */
.lockup-inner {
  grid-template-columns: 255px 1fr 310px;
}

.lockup-search {
  justify-self: end;
  width: 310px;
}

.lockup-search label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.lockup-search div {
  display: flex;
}

.lockup-search input {
  min-width: 0;
  flex: 1;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-right: 0;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.lockup-search button {
  border: 1px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.lockup-search button:hover {
  background: var(--pku-dark-red);
  border-color: var(--pku-dark-red);
}

/* Search page */
.search-box-large {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.search-box-large form {
  display: flex;
  max-width: 760px;
}

.search-box-large input {
  flex: 1;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-right: 0;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  font-size: 17px;
}

.search-box-large button {
  border: 1px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 14px 20px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.search-results h2 {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  font-size: 28px;
}

.search-result-item {
  padding: 22px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.search-result-item h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-size: 23px;
}

.search-result-item h3 a {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.search-result-item h3 a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.search-result-item p,
.search-hint {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 16px;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .lockup-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lockup-search {
    justify-self: stretch;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .lockup-search div,
  .search-box-large form {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .lockup-search input,
  .search-box-large input {
    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 0;
  }
}

/* Clickable search result cards */
.search-result-card {
  display: block;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.search-result-card .search-result-item {
  border-bottom: 0;
  padding: 22px 0;
  transition: background 0.18s ease, padding 0.18s ease;
}

.search-result-card h3 {
  color: var(--pku-red);
}

.search-result-card:hover .search-result-item {
  background: var(--light);
  padding-left: 14px;
  padding-right: 14px;
}

.search-result-card:hover h3 {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Back to top button */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 28px;
  bottom: 28px;
  z-index: 999;
  border: 1px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(12px);
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
}

.back-to-top.show {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.back-to-top:hover {
  background: var(--pku-dark-red);
  border-color: var(--pku-dark-red);
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .back-to-top {
    right: 18px;
    bottom: 18px;
    padding: 10px 13px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }
}

/* Back to top button */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 28px;
  bottom: 28px;
  z-index: 999;
  border: 1px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(12px);
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, visibility 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
}

.back-to-top.show {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.back-to-top:hover {
  background: var(--pku-dark-red);
  border-color: var(--pku-dark-red);
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .back-to-top {
    right: 18px;
    bottom: 18px;
    padding: 10px 13px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }
}

/* Language switch */
.university-inner {
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.language-switch {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.language-switch button {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  background: transparent;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.language-switch button:hover,
.language-switch button.active {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--pku-red);
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .university-inner {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .language-switch button {
    padding: 4px 7px;
    font-size: 12px;
  }
}

/* Better one-button language toggle */
.university-inner {
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.language-switch {
  display: none;
}

.language-toggle {
  display: inline-grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 2px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.language-toggle .toggle-option {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 38px;
  padding: 7px 8px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
}

.language-toggle[data-lang="en"] .toggle-en,
.language-toggle[data-lang="zh"] .toggle-cn {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--pku-red);
}

.language-toggle[data-lang="en"] .toggle-cn,
.language-toggle[data-lang="zh"] .toggle-en {
  background: transparent;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
}

.language-toggle:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
}

/* Chinese typography */
body.lang-zh {
  font-family:
    "Noto Sans CJK SC",
    "Noto Sans SC",
    "Source Han Sans SC",
    "Microsoft YaHei",
    "PingFang SC",
    "Hiragino Sans GB",
    Arial,
    sans-serif;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

body.lang-zh h1,
body.lang-zh h2,
body.lang-zh h3,
body.lang-zh h4,
body.lang-zh .lockup-title,
body.lang-zh .banner-content h1,
body.lang-zh .page-title h1,
body.lang-zh .page-title h2 {
  font-family:
    "Noto Sans CJK SC",
    "Noto Sans SC",
    "Source Han Sans SC",
    "Microsoft YaHei",
    "PingFang SC",
    sans-serif;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.18;
}

body.lang-zh p,
body.lang-zh li {
  line-height: 1.88;
}

body.lang-zh .banner-content p,
body.lang-zh .lab-introduction p,
body.lang-zh .about-lead-v2 p,
body.lang-zh .about-closing-v2 p {
  line-height: 1.92;
}

body.lang-zh .lockup-subtitle {
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

body.lang-zh .main-nav a {
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

body.lang-zh .person-content-v2 .person-meta,
body.lang-zh .pub-intro-v2 p,
body.lang-zh .pub-empty-v2 p {
  line-height: 1.78;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .university-inner {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .language-toggle .toggle-option {
    min-width: 34px;
    padding: 6px 7px;
    font-size: 12px;
  }
}

/* Hide visible search label above header search box */
.lockup-search label {
  display: none;
}

/* Clickable People cards */
.person-card-link {
  display: block;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.person-card-link .person-card-v2 {
  height: 100%;
}

.profile-link-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.person-card-link:hover .profile-link-label {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Person detail pages */
.person-detail-page {
  padding-top: 44px;
}

.profile-back-link {
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.profile-back-link a {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.profile-back-link a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.person-profile-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr;
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 34px 0 42px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-photo {
  width: 260px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.10), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86)),
    var(--image),
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 28px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 28px);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-color: #efe8df;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  padding: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-photo span {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
  padding: 7px 10px;
  color: #333;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.profile-role-label {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.person-profile-heading h1 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: clamp(40px, 5vw, 62px);
  line-height: 1.04;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
}

.person-profile-heading p:last-child {
  max-width: 760px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.person-profile-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 320px;
  gap: 52px;
  padding: 46px 0 20px;
}

.person-profile-main article {
  padding-bottom: 34px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-main article:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-main h2,
.person-profile-side h2 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  font-size: 28px;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.person-profile-main p,
.person-profile-main li {
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.person-profile-main ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 22px;
}

.person-profile-side {
  align-self: start;
  background: var(--light);
  border-left: 5px solid var(--pku-red);
  padding: 26px;
}

.person-profile-side section {
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-side section:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-side p,
.person-profile-side li {
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.person-profile-side ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.person-profile-side a {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.person-profile-side a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-heading h1 {
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-main p,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-main li {
  line-height: 1.9;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .person-profile-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-profile-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-profile-photo {
    width: min(260px, 100%);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .person-profile-heading h1 {
    font-size: 38px;
  }

  .person-profile-heading p:last-child {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}


/* ============================================================
   Refined personal profile page
   This overrides the earlier basic person detail page styles.
   ============================================================ */

.person-detail-page {
  padding-top: 34px;
  padding-bottom: 72px;
}

.profile-back-link {
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.profile-back-link a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.profile-back-link a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Hero area */
.person-profile-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 300px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 46px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 44px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 8px solid var(--pku-red);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.055), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92)),
    var(--light);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.055);
}

/* Photo */
.person-profile-photo {
  width: 300px;
  max-width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  border: 1px solid #cfc8c1;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.12), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72)),
    var(--image),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      0deg,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035),
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 30px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      90deg,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035),
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 30px
    );
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-color: #efe8df;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  padding: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.13);
}

.person-profile-photo span {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
  border-left: 5px solid var(--pku-red);
  padding: 8px 12px;
  color: #333;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 14px;
}

/* Name and role */
.person-profile-heading {
  max-width: 860px;
}

.profile-role-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  padding: 7px 12px;
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.person-profile-heading h1 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(46px, 6vw, 74px);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: -0.06em;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.person-profile-heading p:last-child {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

/* Main layout */
.person-profile-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 340px;
  gap: 54px;
  padding: 0;
}

/* Left content */
.person-profile-main {
  min-width: 0;
}

.person-profile-main article {
  padding: 0 0 34px;
  margin: 0 0 34px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-main article:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-main h2 {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 31px;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.person-profile-main h2::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 62px;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--pku-red);
}

.person-profile-main p,
.person-profile-main li {
  max-width: 860px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.82;
}

.person-profile-main ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 22px;
}

/* Right side card */
.person-profile-side {
  align-self: start;
  position: sticky;
  top: 24px;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 6px solid var(--pku-red);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
}

.person-profile-side section {
  padding: 26px 28px;
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-side section:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-side h2 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 24px;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.person-profile-side p,
.person-profile-side li {
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.person-profile-side ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.person-profile-side a {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.person-profile-side a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Better clickable people cards on people.html */
.person-card-link {
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.person-card-link .person-card-v2 {
  height: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition:
    transform 0.18s ease,
    box-shadow 0.18s ease,
    border-color 0.18s ease;
}

.person-card-link:hover .person-card-v2 {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.09);
}

.profile-link-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.person-card-link:hover .profile-link-label {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Chinese typography refinement for profile pages */
body.lang-zh .person-profile-heading h1 {
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

body.lang-zh .profile-role-label {
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-heading p:last-child,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-main p,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-main li {
  line-height: 1.92;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-main h2,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-side h2 {
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .person-profile-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 34px;
  }

  .person-profile-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-profile-side {
    position: static;
  }

  .person-profile-photo {
    width: min(300px, 100%);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .person-detail-page {
    padding-top: 28px;
  }

  .person-profile-hero {
    padding: 24px;
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .person-profile-heading h1 {
    font-size: 40px;
  }

  .person-profile-heading p:last-child {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .person-profile-main h2 {
    font-size: 27px;
  }

  .person-profile-main p,
  .person-profile-main li {
    font-size: 17px;
  }
}


/* Intro text without section title on person profile pages */
.person-profile-intro {
  padding-top: 0;
}

.person-profile-intro p {
  max-width: 900px;
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--text);
}

.person-profile-intro p:first-child {
  font-size: 21px;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-intro p {
  line-height: 1.95;
}


/* ============================================================
   Final refinement for personal profile pages
   Smaller name, cleaner layout, better right-side contact card
   ============================================================ */

.person-detail-page {
  padding-top: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 72px;
}

/* Back link */
.profile-back-link {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.profile-back-link a {
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.profile-back-link a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Profile top area: lighter and more compact */
.person-profile-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 32px 36px;
  margin-bottom: 42px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 6px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.045), #ffffff 70%);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.045);
}

/* Smaller photo */
.person-profile-photo {
  width: 220px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  box-shadow: none;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.person-profile-photo img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
}

.person-profile-photo span {
  font-size: 13px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
}

/* Smaller name */
.profile-role-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.person-profile-heading h1 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 48px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.person-profile-heading p:last-child {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* Main content layout */
.person-profile-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
  gap: 46px;
  padding: 0;
}

/* Left main text */
.person-profile-main article {
  padding-bottom: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-main article:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-main h2 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.person-profile-main h2::after {
  width: 54px;
  height: 3px;
}

.person-profile-main p,
.person-profile-main li {
  max-width: 820px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

/* The intro section without title should look like a clean lead paragraph */
.person-profile-intro {
  padding-bottom: 34px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.person-profile-intro p {
  max-width: 860px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.82;
}

.person-profile-intro p:first-child {
  font-size: 19px;
}

/* Right side card: cleaner, less heavy */
.person-profile-side {
  position: sticky;
  top: 24px;
  align-self: start;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.055);
  padding: 0;
}

/* Each side section */
.person-profile-side section {
  padding: 22px 24px;
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-side section:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-side h2 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

/* Email */
.person-profile-side p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.person-profile-side p a {
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 100%;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.person-profile-side p a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Links: turn Google Scholar / Personal Page into clean buttons */
.person-profile-side ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.person-profile-side li {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}

.person-profile-side li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-side li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--light);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease;
}

.person-profile-side li a:hover {
  background: var(--pku-red);
  border-color: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Chinese typography on profile pages */
body.lang-zh .person-profile-heading h1 {
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.8vw, 46px);
  line-height: 1.16;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-heading p:last-child,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-intro p,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-main p,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-main li {
  line-height: 1.9;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-side h2 {
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .person-profile-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 30px;
  }

  .person-profile-photo {
    width: min(220px, 100%);
  }

  .person-profile-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-profile-side {
    position: static;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .person-profile-hero {
    padding: 24px;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .person-profile-heading h1 {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .person-profile-heading p:last-child {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .person-profile-intro p,
  .person-profile-main p,
  .person-profile-main li {
    font-size: 16.5px;
  }
}

/* ============================================================
   2026 visual refresh
   Clean university-lab presentation inspired by Stanford lab sites.
   ============================================================ */

:root {
  --pku-red: #8c1515;
  --pku-dark-red: #5f0f0f;
  --ink: #202124;
  --text: #45413d;
  --muted: #6f706c;
  --line: #ded9d1;
  --light: #f5f1e8;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --nav-dark: #202327;
  --warm: #eee7dc;
  --blue: #235d76;
  --teal: #1f7f78;
  --gold: #b8893a;
  --shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.09);
}

body,
body * {
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

body {
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(245, 241, 232, 0.55), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 420px),
    var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

.container {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 48px));
}

.university-bar {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--pku-dark-red), var(--pku-red) 58%, #9f2f22);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}

.university-inner {
  min-height: 52px;
}

.university-inner a {
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.lab-lockup {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
}

.lockup-inner {
  grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
  gap: 30px;
  padding: 24px 0;
}

.lockup-brand {
  grid-template-columns: 72px 1fr;
  gap: 14px;
  padding-right: 22px;
}

.lockup-wordmark {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 58px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 2px solid var(--pku-red);
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-size: 35px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.lockup-school {
  font-size: 14px;
}

.lockup-title {
  max-width: 780px;
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.7vw, 46px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.lockup-subtitle {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.lockup-search {
  align-self: center;
}

.lockup-search div,
.search-box-large form {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.06);
}

.lockup-search input,
.search-box-large input {
  background: #fff;
}

.lockup-search button,
.search-box-large button,
.people-load-more button {
  transition: background 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.lockup-search button:hover,
.search-box-large button:hover,
.people-load-more button:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.main-nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 80;
  background: var(--nav-dark);
  box-shadow: 0 9px 22px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.13);
}

.nav-inner {
  align-items: stretch;
}

.main-nav a {
  min-height: 52px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.main-nav a:hover,
.main-nav a.active {
  background: var(--pku-red);
}

.site-banner {
  height: min(520px, calc(100vh - 330px));
  min-height: 390px;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(21, 24, 28, 0.76), rgba(21, 24, 28, 0.36) 48%, rgba(21, 24, 28, 0.1)),
    var(--banner-image),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #1f252b, #cfd9d7);
  background-position: center;
}

.banner-overlay {
  min-height: inherit;
}

.banner-content {
  padding-bottom: clamp(44px, 7vw, 84px);
}

.banner-content h1 {
  max-width: 980px;
  font-size: clamp(38px, 5vw, 64px);
  line-height: 1.03;
  font-weight: 900;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.banner-content p {
  max-width: 820px;
  font-size: clamp(18px, 2vw, 23px);
}

.home-body {
  padding-top: 60px;
}

.lab-introduction {
  max-width: 1040px;
  padding-left: 28px;
  border-left: 6px solid var(--pku-red);
}

.lab-introduction p {
  color: var(--text);
}

.feature-image-row {
  gap: 28px;
}

.feature-image-row figure,
.facility-card,
.person-card-v2,
.contact-card,
.pi-card,
.member-card,
.search-result-card .search-result-item {
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.feature-image-row figure {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.image-box,
.person-photo-v2,
.person-profile-photo {
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24)),
    var(--image),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #d9ddd9, #efe8df);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
}

.image-box {
  border: 1px solid rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.12);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.image-box span,
.person-photo-v2 span,
.person-profile-photo span {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
  color: var(--ink);
  border-left-color: var(--pku-red);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.12);
}

.large-photo {
  min-height: 340px;
}

.home-two-column {
  border-left: 0;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.home-two-column > div {
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.home-two-column h2,
.goal-approach h2,
.home-updates h2,
.page-title h1,
.page-title h2,
.research-text h3,
.facility-content h3,
.people-category h2,
.pub-intro-v2 h2,
.pub-empty-v2 h2,
.pub-themes-v2 h2 {
  line-height: 1.14;
}

.goal-approach,
.research-index,
.facility-summary-box,
.contact-side-box,
.news-feature-text,
.facility-note,
.alumni-section,
.pub-intro-v2,
.pub-empty-v2 {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff, var(--light));
}

.home-updates article {
  grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.page-layout {
  padding-top: 58px;
}

.page-title {
  margin-bottom: 46px;
}

.page-title h1,
.page-title h2 {
  font-size: clamp(38px, 4.5vw, 58px);
  font-weight: 900;
}

.page-title p {
  max-width: 930px;
}

.research-overview,
.facility-intro,
.contact-layout,
.news-feature {
  gap: 42px;
}

.research-block {
  gap: 44px;
}

.research-image,
.news-feature-image {
  min-height: 360px;
}

.research-label,
.news-date,
.news-category {
  color: var(--blue) !important;
}

.facility-grid {
  gap: 30px;
}

.facility-card,
.person-card-v2,
.contact-card {
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.06);
}

.facility-card:hover,
.member-card:hover,
.pi-card:hover,
.contact-card:hover,
.person-card-v2:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.people-layout-v2,
.publications-layout-v2 {
  gap: 48px;
}

.people-filter,
.pub-sidebar-v2 {
  top: 76px;
}

.filter-heading,
.pub-sidebar-title {
  background: var(--pku-red);
}

.filter-menu,
.pub-filter-v2 {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.06);
}

.people-card-grid {
  gap: 30px;
}

.person-content-v2 {
  min-height: 178px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.profile-link-label {
  margin-top: auto;
}

.person-native-name {
  color: var(--muted) !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
}

.person-role {
  margin-top: 4px !important;
}

.people-category-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.people-category-heading h2 {
  flex: 1;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
}

.people-category-heading span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.person-profile-heading h1 span {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.32em;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.62em;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.profile-layout-single {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 860px);
}

.member-facts {
  margin: 0;
}

.member-facts div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(130px, 180px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.member-facts div:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.member-facts dt {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.member-facts dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 17px;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .member-facts div {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 4px;
  }
}

.search-box-large form {
  max-width: 840px;
}

.search-result-card {
  border-bottom: 0;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.search-result-card .search-result-item {
  padding: 22px 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}

.search-result-card:hover .search-result-item {
  padding-left: 24px;
  padding-right: 24px;
  background: var(--light);
}

.site-footer {
  background: #24272b;
}

.footer-grid {
  gap: 42px;
}

.footer-bottom {
  background: #15171a;
}

.back-to-top {
  min-width: 46px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(32, 33, 36, 0.18);
}

.skip-link {
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  left: 10px;
  top: 10px;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  margin: 0;
  clip: auto;
  white-space: normal;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .lockup-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .lockup-search {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    justify-self: stretch;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .container {
    width: min(100% - 36px, 1180px);
  }

  .lockup-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    width: fit-content;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .main-nav {
    position: static;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    overflow-x: auto;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    max-width: 100%;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
  }

  .home-two-column > div {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .people-filter,
  .pub-sidebar-v2 {
    position: static;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .container {
    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);
  }

  .university-inner {
    min-height: 48px;
  }

  .university-inner a {
    font-size: 19px;
  }

  .lockup-inner {
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 20px 0;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    grid-template-columns: 64px 1fr;
    border-bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .lockup-wordmark {
    min-height: 52px;
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .lockup-title {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .lockup-subtitle {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.45;
  }

  .site-banner,
  .banner-overlay {
    height: auto;
    min-height: 330px;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    overflow-x: visible;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    min-height: 44px;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 9px 6px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    font-size: 13px;
    text-align: center;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .banner-content h1 {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .banner-content p {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .lab-introduction {
    padding-left: 18px;
  }

  .home-two-column > div,
  .goal-approach,
  .contact-card,
  .facility-note,
  .alumni-section {
    padding: 24px 20px;
  }

  .research-image,
  .news-feature-image,
  .facility-image,
  .large-photo {
    min-height: 260px;
  }
}



/* ============================================================
   Final refinement for personal profile pages
   Smaller name, cleaner layout, better right-side contact card
   ============================================================ */

.person-detail-page {
  padding-top: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 72px;
}

/* Rounded return button shared by every member profile. */
.profile-back-link {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.profile-back-link a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 10px 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--pku-red);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 9px rgba(140, 21, 21, .14);
  transition: background-color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease,
    box-shadow .2s ease, transform .2s ease;
}

.profile-back-link a:hover,
.profile-back-link a:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--pku-dark-red);
  background: var(--pku-dark-red);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(140, 21, 21, .25);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.profile-back-link a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--pku-red);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.profile-back-link a:active {
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(140, 21, 21, .18);
  transform: translateY(0);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .profile-back-link a {
    transition: none;
  }

  .profile-back-link a:hover,
  .profile-back-link a:focus-visible {
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* Profile top area: lighter and more compact */
.person-profile-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 32px 36px;
  margin-bottom: 42px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 6px solid var(--pku-red);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.045), #ffffff 70%);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.045);
}

/* Smaller photo */
.person-profile-photo {
  width: 220px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.person-profile-photo span {
  font-size: 13px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
}

/* Smaller name */
.profile-role-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  background: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.person-profile-heading h1 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 48px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.person-profile-heading p:last-child {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* Main content layout */
.person-profile-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
  gap: 46px;
  padding: 0;
}

/* Left main text */
.person-profile-main article {
  padding-bottom: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-main article:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-main h2 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.person-profile-main h2::after {
  width: 54px;
  height: 3px;
}

.person-profile-main p,
.person-profile-main li {
  max-width: 820px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

/* The intro section without title should look like a clean lead paragraph */
.person-profile-intro {
  padding-bottom: 34px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.person-profile-intro p {
  max-width: 860px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.82;
}

.person-profile-intro p:first-child {
  font-size: 19px;
}

/* Right side card: cleaner, less heavy */
.person-profile-side {
  position: sticky;
  top: 24px;
  align-self: start;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--pku-red);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.055);
  padding: 0;
}

/* Each side section */
.person-profile-side section {
  padding: 22px 24px;
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-profile-side section:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-side h2 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

/* Email */
.person-profile-side p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.person-profile-side p a {
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 100%;
  color: var(--pku-red);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.person-profile-side p a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Links: turn Google Scholar / Personal Page into clean buttons */
.person-profile-side ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.person-profile-side li {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}

.person-profile-side li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.person-profile-side li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--light);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease;
}

.person-profile-side li a:hover {
  background: var(--pku-red);
  border-color: var(--pku-red);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Chinese typography on profile pages */
body.lang-zh .person-profile-heading h1 {
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.8vw, 46px);
  line-height: 1.16;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-heading p:last-child,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-intro p,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-main p,
body.lang-zh .person-profile-main li {
  line-height: 1.9;
}

body.lang-zh .person-profile-side h2 {
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .person-profile-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 30px;
  }

  .person-profile-photo {
    width: min(220px, 100%);
  }

  .person-profile-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-profile-side {
    position: static;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .person-profile-hero {
    padding: 24px;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .person-profile-heading h1 {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .person-profile-heading p:last-child {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .person-profile-intro p,
  .person-profile-main p,
  .person-profile-main li {
    font-size: 16.5px;
  }
}

/* ============================================================
   Stanford-like header redesign
   - Thinner, lighter university bar
   - Smaller lab name, left-aligned
   - Transparent nav at top-right, no dark background
   ============================================================ */

/* --- University bar: thinner & lighter --- */
.university-bar {
  background: var(--pku-red) !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18) !important;
}

.university-inner {
  min-height: 34px !important;
  justify-content: space-between !important;
}

.university-inner a {
  font-size: 15px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em !important;
}

/* --- Lab lockup: identity row plus a dedicated navigation row --- */
.lab-lockup {
  background: #fff !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line) !important;
}

.lockup-inner {
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto !important;
  grid-template-areas:
    "brand site search"
    "nav nav nav" !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  column-gap: 24px !important;
  row-gap: 12px !important;
  padding: 14px 0 12px !important;
}

/* Brand: supplied IC-TMI lab identity */
.lockup-brand {
  grid-area: brand !important;
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  flex-shrink: 0 !important;
  width: 200px !important;
  min-width: 200px !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  background: transparent !important;
}

.lockup-brand img {
  display: block !important;
  width: 200px !important;
  height: auto !important;
  max-height: none !important;
}

/* Hide old text-based brand elements */
.lockup-wordmark,
.lockup-school {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Lab title: compact, left-aligned, not bold */
.lockup-site {
  grid-area: site !important;
  min-width: 0 !important;
}

.lockup-title {
  font-family: "Aptos Display", "Avenir Next", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif !important;
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.5vw, 20px) !important;
  line-height: 1.18 !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}

.lockup-subtitle {
  margin-top: 2px !important;
  color: var(--muted) !important;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}

/* --- Navigation: transparent, right-aligned, always horizontal --- */
.main-nav {
  grid-area: nav !important;
  background: transparent !important;
  color: var(--ink) !important;
  margin-left: 0 !important;
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: flex-end !important;
  flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
  gap: 0px !important;
  position: static !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  z-index: auto !important;
  flex-shrink: 0 !important;
}

.main-nav .nav-inner {
  display: contents !important;
}

.main-nav a {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  min-height: auto !important;
  padding: 6px 10px !important;
  color: var(--ink) !important;
  background: transparent !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  border: none !important;
  border-left: none !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease !important;
}

.main-nav a:last-child {
  border-right: none !important;
}

.main-nav a:hover {
  background: rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.07) !important;
  color: var(--pku-red) !important;
}

.main-nav a.active {
  background: rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.10) !important;
  color: var(--pku-red) !important;
}

/* --- Search: compact right edge --- */
.lockup-search {
  grid-area: search !important;
  flex-shrink: 0 !important;
  width: 240px !important;
  justify-self: auto !important;
  align-self: center !important;
}

.lockup-search label {
  display: none !important;
}

.lockup-search div {
  display: flex !important;
}

.lockup-search input {
  min-width: 0 !important;
  flex: 1 !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--line) !important;
  border-right: 0 !important;
  padding: 7px 10px !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  background: #fff !important;
}

.lockup-search button {
  border: 1px solid var(--pku-red) !important;
  background: var(--pku-red) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  padding: 7px 12px !important;
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  cursor: pointer !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
}

.lockup-search button:hover {
  background: var(--pku-dark-red) !important;
  border-color: var(--pku-dark-red) !important;
}

/* --- Language toggle in university bar --- */
.language-toggle {
  display: inline-grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 0 !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.65) !important;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  padding: 1px !important;
  cursor: pointer !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  font-size: 11px !important;
  line-height: 1 !important;
}

.language-toggle .toggle-option {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  min-width: 30px !important;
  padding: 5px 7px !important;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82) !important;
}

.language-toggle[data-lang="en"] .toggle-en,
.language-toggle[data-lang="zh"] .toggle-cn {
  background: #fff !important;
  color: var(--pku-red) !important;
}

.language-toggle:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.20) !important;
}

/* --- Responsive --- */
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .lockup-inner {
    column-gap: 18px !important;
    row-gap: 10px !important;
  }

  .lockup-search {
    width: 150px !important;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    padding: 6px 7px !important;
    font-size: 12px !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .lockup-inner {
    grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
    grid-template-areas:
      "brand site"
      "nav nav"
      "search search" !important;
    gap: 10px !important;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    width: 165px !important;
    min-width: 165px !important;
  }

  .lockup-brand img {
    width: 165px !important;
    height: auto !important;
  }

  .lockup-site {
    flex-shrink: 1 !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
  }

  .lockup-title {
    white-space: normal !important;
    font-size: 18px !important;
  }

  .lockup-subtitle {
    white-space: normal !important;
  }

  .main-nav {
    margin-left: 0 !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
    overflow-x: auto !important;
    flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch !important;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    flex: 0 0 auto !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    padding: 6px 9px !important;
    font-size: 13px !important;
  }

  .lockup-search {
    width: 100% !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .university-inner {
    min-height: 32px !important;
  }

  .university-inner a {
    font-size: 14px !important;
  }

  .lockup-inner {
    padding: 10px 0 !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
  }

  .lockup-brand img {
    width: 140px !important;
    height: auto !important;
  }

  .lockup-brand {
    width: 140px !important;
    min-width: 140px !important;
  }

  .lockup-title {
    font-size: 16px !important;
  }

  .lockup-subtitle {
    font-size: 11px !important;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    padding: 5px 7px !important;
    font-size: 12px !important;
  }

  .language-toggle .toggle-option {
    min-width: 28px !important;
    padding: 4px 6px !important;
    font-size: 11px !important;
  }
}

/* ============================================================
   IC-TMI Lab homepage redesign
   ============================================================ */
.homepage {
  --ic-navy: #102a43;
  --ic-blue: #216a8d;
  --ic-mist: #edf4f6;
  --ic-charcoal: #132027;
  background: #fff;
}

.homepage .hero-v3 ~ .site-banner,
.homepage .hero-v3 ~ .home-body { display: none !important; }

/* The homepage intentionally has no header-specific sizing rules. The shared
   header above is the single source of truth for every page. */

.hero-v3 {
  position: relative;
  width: min(1240px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 12px auto 0;
  border-radius: 14px;
  min-height: 400px;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #fff;
  background: #112631;
}

.hero-v3-media,
.hero-v3-shade { position: absolute; inset: 0; }
.hero-v3-media {
  z-index: -2;
  background: url('Fig/advanced-ic-thermal-integration-hero.png') center / cover no-repeat;
  transform: scale(1.01);
}
.hero-v3-shade {
  z-index: -1;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(7, 20, 29, .92) 0%, rgba(8, 30, 42, .76) 42%, rgba(8, 30, 42, .16) 100%), linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(7, 20, 29, .35), transparent 42%);
}
.hero-v3-content {
  min-height: 400px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 32px 0 40px;
}
.hero-v3-eyebrow,
.section-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: #b8ddeb;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.hero-v3 h1 {
  max-width: 1010px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: clamp(48px, 5.9vw, 88px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.047em;
  line-height: .98;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.hero-v3-summary {
  max-width: 710px;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.88);
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.65vw, 22px);
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.hero-v3-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px; margin-top: 36px; }
.button-primary,
.button-secondary {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  min-height: 48px;
  padding: 13px 20px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .035em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: transform .2s ease, background .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}
.button-primary { background: #fff; color: var(--ic-navy); }
.button-primary:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); background: #d9f0f6; }
.button-secondary { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.8); color: #fff; }
.button-secondary:hover { border-color: #fff; background: rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
.hero-v3-scroll { display: none; }

.intro-v3 { padding: 40px 0 60px; }
.intro-v3 .section-kicker,
.focus-v3 .section-kicker,
.platform-v3 .section-kicker,
.people-v3 .section-kicker,
.contact-v3 .section-kicker { color: #357ea0; }
.intro-v3-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(330px, .74fr);
  gap: clamp(48px, 9vw, 145px);
  align-items: start;
}
.intro-v3 h2,
.section-heading-v3 h2,
.platform-v3 h2,
.people-v3 h2,
.contact-v3 h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ic-charcoal);
  font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: clamp(40px, 4.2vw, 68px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.045em;
  line-height: 1.02;
}
.intro-v3-copy { padding-top: 8px; }
.intro-v3-figure { margin: 34px 0 0; }
.intro-v3-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: clamp(200px, 22vw, 320px);
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 12px;
}
.homepage .intro-v3-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: #56656d;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.homepage .focus-v3-img-interface {
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #15191c;
}
.homepage .focus-v3-img-packaging { object-position: center 50%; }
.homepage .focus-v3-img-metrology { object-position: center 30%; }
.homepage .home-photo-credits {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(204, 231, 240, .28);
  color: #c2d3da;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.homepage .home-photo-credits summary {
  width: fit-content;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: #bce2f1;
}
.homepage .home-photo-credits ol { padding-left: 20px; }
.homepage .home-photo-credits li { margin: 8px 0; }
.homepage .home-photo-credits a {
  color: #bce2f1;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}
.homepage .home-photo-credits a:hover { color: #fff; }
.intro-v3-copy p,
.platform-v3-content > p,
.people-v3-copy > p,
.section-heading-v3 > p { color: #4e5a60; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75; }
.text-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: var(--ic-navy);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.text-link:hover { color: #2781a9; }

.focus-v3 {
  width: min(1240px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 28px auto 0;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 26px 0 48px;
  background: var(--ic-navy);
}
.section-heading-v3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(260px, .58fr); gap: 56px; align-items: end; margin-bottom: 34px; }
.section-heading-v3 h2 { color: #fff; max-width: 720px; }
.section-heading-v3 > p { margin: 0; color: #b7cbd3; font-size: 17px; }
.focus-v3 .section-kicker { color: #8fcbe2; }
.focus-v3-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); border-top: 1px solid rgba(204, 231, 240, .28); }
.focus-v3-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  min-height: 345px;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 30px 34px 32px;
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(204, 231, 240, .28);
  transition: background .25s ease;
}
.focus-v3-card:first-child { border-left: 1px solid rgba(204, 231, 240, .28); }
.focus-v3-card:hover { background: #1c455a; }
.focus-v3-number { color: #8fcbe2; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.focus-v3-img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 158px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.focus-v3-card h3 { max-width: 260px; margin: 18px 0 12px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 29px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.025em; line-height: 1.08; }
.focus-v3-card p { margin: 0; color: #c2d3da; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; }
.focus-v3-arrow { margin-top: auto; color: #8fcbe2; font-size: 28px; line-height: 1; }

.platform-v3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(370px, .92fr); gap: clamp(52px, 7vw, 112px); align-items: center; padding-top: 40px; padding-bottom: 40px; }
.platform-v3-image { min-height: 440px; background: url('Fig/ic-tmi-advanced-thermal-characterization-platform.png') center / cover no-repeat; }
.platform-v3-content { align-self: start; padding: 4px 0 0; }
.platform-v3 h2 { font-size: clamp(38px, 3.5vw, 56px); }
.platform-v3-content > p { margin: 26px 0; }
.platform-v3-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 9px; margin: 0 0 27px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.platform-v3-tags li { padding: 8px 11px; color: #20536a; background: var(--ic-mist); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }

.people-v3 {
  width: min(1240px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 28px auto 0;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 14px 0 50px 0;
  background: #f2f6f7;
}
.people-v3-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(310px, .8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr); gap: clamp(52px, 9vw, 145px); align-items: center; }
.people-v3-copy h2 { font-size: clamp(38px, 3.75vw, 58px); }
.people-v3-copy > p { margin-top: 14px; }
.identity-v3 {
  display: block;
  width: min(100%, 430px);
  height: auto;
  margin: -2px 0 25px;
}
.button-primary-dark { margin-top: 16px; background: var(--ic-navy); color: #fff; }
.button-primary-dark:hover { background: #215878; color: #fff; }
.people-v3-image { position: relative; margin: 0; }
.people-v3-image::before { position: absolute; z-index: 0; inset: -18px 18px 18px -18px; content: ''; background: #b9dde9; }
.people-v3-image img { position: relative; z-index: 1; display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 440px; object-fit: cover; }
.people-v3-image figcaption { position: absolute; z-index: 2; right: 0; bottom: 0; margin: 0; padding: 11px 15px; color: #fff; background: var(--ic-navy); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; }

.contact-v3 {
  width: min(1240px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 28px auto 28px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 14px 0 46px 0;
  color: #fff;
  background: #173d51;
}
.contact-v3-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(290px, .58fr); gap: 70px; align-items: center; }
.contact-v3 .section-kicker { color: #93d2e7; }
.contact-v3 h2 { max-width: 760px; color: #fff; font-size: clamp(35px, 3.6vw, 56px); }
.contact-v3-links { display: grid; gap: 14px; }
.contact-v3-links a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; padding: 14px 0; color: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35); font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; }
.contact-v3-links a:hover { color: #9bddef; }

@media (max-width: 880px) {
  .hero-v3, .hero-v3-content { min-height: 620px; }
  .intro-v3, .platform-v3, .people-v3 { padding-top: 82px; padding-bottom: 82px; }
  .intro-v3-grid, .section-heading-v3, .platform-v3, .people-v3-grid, .contact-v3-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 38px; }
  .section-heading-v3 { align-items: start; }
  .focus-v3 { padding: 82px 0; }
  .focus-v3-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .focus-v3-card, .focus-v3-card:first-child { min-height: 0; border-right: 1px solid rgba(204, 231, 240, .28); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(204, 231, 240, .28); }
  .focus-v3-card h3 { margin-top: 35px; }
  .focus-v3-arrow { margin-top: 30px; }
  .platform-v3-image { min-height: 400px; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .hero-v3, .hero-v3-content { min-height: 590px; }
  .hero-v3-content { padding-top: 72px; padding-bottom: 82px; }
  .hero-v3 h1 {
    max-width: 100%;
    font-size: 40px;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    text-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .hero-v3-summary {
    max-width: 100%;
    font-size: 17px;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
  .hero-v3-scroll { display: none; }
  .hero-v3-actions { gap: 10px; margin-top: 28px; }
  .button-primary, .button-secondary { min-height: 45px; padding: 12px 14px; font-size: 11px; }
  .intro-v3, .platform-v3, .people-v3 { padding-top: 64px; padding-bottom: 64px; }
  .intro-v3 h2, .section-heading-v3 h2, .platform-v3 h2, .people-v3 h2, .contact-v3 h2 { font-size: 39px; }
  .intro-v3-copy p, .platform-v3-content > p, .people-v3-copy > p, .section-heading-v3 > p { font-size: 16px; }
  .focus-v3 { padding: 64px 0; }
  .focus-v3-card { padding: 27px 22px; }
  .platform-v3-image { min-height: 300px; }
  .people-v3-image img { min-height: 285px; }
  .contact-v3 { padding: 64px 0; }
}

/* ============================================================
   Language visibility and portrait framing
   ============================================================ */
.lang-only-zh {
  display: none !important;
}

body.lang-zh .lang-only-en {
  display: none !important;
}

body.lang-zh .lang-only-zh {
  display: revert !important;
}

.person-photo-v2 {
  background-position: var(--image-position, center);
}

.person-photo-v2.person-photo-placeholder {
  background: #f0f2f3 !important;
}

.person-profile-photo.person-profile-photo-placeholder {
  background: #f0f2f3 !important;
}

.person-native-name {
  margin: 0 0 6px !important;
  color: var(--ink) !important;
  font-size: 22px !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

.person-profile-photo-full {
  aspect-ratio: 5 / 7;
}

.person-profile-photo-full img {
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
}

.person-profile-heading h1 .profile-name-primary {
  display: inline;
  margin: 0;
  color: inherit;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: inherit;
  letter-spacing: inherit;
}

/* Keep profile links clear of the contact card's lower edge. */
.person-profile-side section:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 28px;
}

/* ============================================================
   About story: thermal challenge to characterization platform
   ============================================================ */
.about-story {
  --about-red: #8c0000;
  --about-navy: #101923;
  --about-blue: #182a3b;
  --about-mist: #f3f5f6;
  overflow: clip;
  color: var(--about-navy);
}

.about-story .container {
  width: min(1240px, 92%);
}

.about-story h1,
.about-story h2,
.about-story h3,
.about-story p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.about-story h2 {
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.about-story h3 {
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.about-hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: 94px 0 100px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 86% 18%, rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.07), transparent 34%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f7f8f9 100%);
}

.about-hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(16, 25, 35, 0.18), transparent);
}

.about-hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.92fr) minmax(480px, 1.08fr);
  gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 92px);
  align-items: center;
}

.about-kicker,
.section-index {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: var(--about-red);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.about-kicker-number {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 10px;
}

.about-hero h1 {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  font-size: clamp(46px, 5vw, 72px);
  line-height: 1.03;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
}

.about-hero-lead {
  max-width: 700px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  color: #34404c;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.about-keywords {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px 18px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 18px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(16, 25, 35, 0.14);
  list-style: none;
}

.about-keywords li {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--about-navy);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.about-keywords li:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 4px;
  height: 4px;
  margin-left: 18px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--about-red);
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.about-hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--about-navy);
  box-shadow: 0 28px 60px rgba(10, 20, 32, 0.2);
}

.about-hero-visual::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 14px;
  z-index: 1;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.17);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.about-hero-visual img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

@media (min-width: 1081px) {
  .about-hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.14fr) minmax(450px, 0.86fr);
    gap: 60px;
  }

  body.lang-en .about-hero h1 {
    max-width: 720px;
    font-size: clamp(44px, 3.8vw, 54px);
    line-height: 1.02;
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
  }

  .about-hero-visual {
    aspect-ratio: 1.12 / 1;
  }
}

.about-section {
  padding: 112px 0;
}

.section-copy > p:not(.section-index),
.section-heading-wide > p:not(.section-index) {
  max-width: 820px;
  color: #46515c;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.82;
}

.constraint-section {
  background: #fff;
}

.constraint-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(400px, 0.95fr);
  gap: clamp(58px, 8vw, 110px);
  align-items: center;
}

.power-wall-visual {
  position: relative;
  padding: 34px 38px 30px;
  background: var(--about-mist);
  border-top: 5px solid var(--about-red);
}

.formula {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 10px 0 18px;
  color: var(--about-navy);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: clamp(30px, 4vw, 48px);
  line-height: 1;
}

.formula sub,
.constraint-relationship sub {
  font-size: 0.48em;
}

.fraction {
  display: inline-grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  text-align: center;
}

.fraction > span:first-child {
  padding: 0 9px 6px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid currentColor;
}

.fraction > span:last-child {
  padding-top: 6px;
}

.power-trend {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.power-trend .trend-axis {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #93a0aa;
  stroke-width: 1.4;
}

.power-trend .trend-fill {
  fill: url(#trendFill);
}

.power-trend .trend-curve {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--about-red);
  stroke-width: 5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
}

.power-trend text {
  fill: #5f6973;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.constraint-relationship {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 22px;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--about-navy);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.constraint-relationship b {
  color: var(--about-red);
  font-size: 32px;
}

.power-takeaway {
  margin: 18px auto 0;
  color: var(--about-red);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: center;
}

.research-system-section {
  background: var(--about-mist);
}

.section-heading-wide {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin-bottom: 54px;
}

.research-system-visual {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 34px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 0 52px;
  padding: 38px 36px 34px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(19, 32, 44, 0.07);
}

.system-stage {
  min-width: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.system-stage svg {
  display: block;
  width: min(100%, 180px);
  height: 112px;
  margin: 0 auto 18px;
}

.system-stage svg * {
  vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}

.system-stage svg rect {
  fill: #dfe5e9;
  stroke: #23384a;
  stroke-width: 2;
}

.system-stage svg path,
.system-stage svg circle {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #23384a;
  stroke-width: 2.2;
}

.system-stage svg .interface-wave {
  stroke: var(--about-red);
  stroke-width: 4;
}

.system-stage svg .device-hotspot {
  fill: rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.16);
  stroke: none;
}

.system-stage strong {
  display: block;
  min-height: 44px;
  color: var(--about-navy);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.system-connector {
  color: var(--about-red);
  font-size: 29px;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: center;
}

.research-system-copy {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 34px;
}

.research-system-copy article {
  padding-top: 22px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--about-red);
}

.research-system-copy h3 {
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  color: var(--about-navy);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.research-system-copy p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #4a5560;
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.72;
}

.pathway-section {
  position: relative;
  background: var(--about-navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.pathway-section::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  opacity: 0.14;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 49.7%, rgba(255,255,255,.12) 50%, transparent 50.3%),
    linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 49.7%, rgba(255,255,255,.08) 50%, transparent 50.3%);
  background-size: 72px 72px;
}

.pathway-section .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.pathway-section h2 {
  color: #fff;
}

.pathway-section .section-index {
  color: #e3a4a4;
}

.pathway-flow {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 34px 1fr 34px 1fr 34px 1fr 34px 1fr;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 34px 0 72px;
}

.pathway-flow::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 62px;
  left: 4%;
  right: 4%;
  height: 2px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.24);
}

.pathway-step {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.pathway-number {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 58px;
  height: 58px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--about-navy);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.pathway-step h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 22px;
}

.pathway-step p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #bfc9d2;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.68;
}

.pathway-arrow {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  padding-top: 43px;
  color: #d78b8b;
  font-size: 26px;
  text-align: center;
}

.pathway-verify .pathway-number {
  border-color: #d78b8b;
  background: var(--about-red);
}

.pathway-return {
  position: absolute;
  left: 5%;
  right: 5%;
  bottom: 8px;
  height: 38px;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(215, 139, 139, 0.66);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(215, 139, 139, 0.66);
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(215, 139, 139, 0.66);
  border-radius: 0 0 24px 24px;
}

.pathway-return::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -5px;
  top: -2px;
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  border-top: 2px solid #d78b8b;
  border-left: 2px solid #d78b8b;
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.core-science-section {
  background: #fff;
}

.core-heading {
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.core-science-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(380px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
  gap: clamp(64px, 9vw, 120px);
  align-items: start;
}

.stack-visual {
  position: sticky;
  top: 28px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 38px 34px 28px;
  background: var(--about-mist);
}

.stack-shell {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: grid;
  gap: 5px;
  max-width: 430px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 18px 18px rgba(16, 25, 35, 0.11));
}

.stack-layer {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 58px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(16, 25, 35, 0.28);
  border-radius: 0;
  color: var(--about-navy);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.22s ease, box-shadow 0.22s ease, border-color 0.22s ease, filter 0.22s ease;
}

.layer-spreader {
  min-height: 72px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #d8e2db, #aebfb3);
}

.layer-chip {
  min-height: 86px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 7%, rgba(255,255,255,.23) 7.5%, transparent 8%) 0 0 / 24px 100%,
    linear-gradient(180deg, #7ea8c0, #547f98);
  color: #fff;
}

.layer-beol {
  min-height: 68px;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0 14px, rgba(118,76,24,.34) 14px 18px),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #d8b06d, #bd8842);
}

.layer-bond {
  min-height: 44px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle, #9a713f 0 3px, transparent 4px) 0 0 / 22px 22px,
    #e5dac8;
}

.layer-package {
  min-height: 78px;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0 20px, rgba(255,255,255,.26) 20px 22px),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #aeb7bd, #7d898f);
  color: #fff;
}

.stack-layer:hover,
.stack-layer:focus-visible,
.stack-layer.is-active {
  z-index: 3;
  border-color: var(--about-red);
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.16), 0 12px 24px rgba(16, 25, 35, 0.16);
  filter: saturate(1.08) brightness(1.04);
  transform: scale(1.035);
}

.hotspot-dot {
  position: absolute;
  left: 23%;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255, 229, 127, 0.95) 0, rgba(193, 28, 24, 0.76) 32%, rgba(140, 0, 0, 0) 72%);
}

.hotspot-right {
  right: 20%;
  left: auto;
}

.stack-heat-flow {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 60px 46px 74px;
  z-index: 4;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-around;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.stack-heat-flow span {
  position: relative;
  width: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(140,0,0,.08), rgba(140,0,0,.82), rgba(140,0,0,.08));
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.32);
}

.stack-heat-flow span::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -2px;
  left: -4px;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--about-red);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--about-red);
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.stack-visual figcaption {
  margin-top: 24px;
  color: #66717b;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: center;
}

.stack-issues {
  display: grid;
}

.stack-issue {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  min-height: 176px;
  padding: 28px 0 34px 28px;
  border-left: 2px solid #d5dadd;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e3e5;
  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, padding-left 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
}

.stack-issue:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.stack-issue > span {
  color: #a0a8ae;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.stack-issue h3 {
  margin: 0 0 11px;
  font-size: 25px;
}

.stack-issue p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #4c5761;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.stack-issue:hover,
.stack-issue:focus-visible,
.stack-issue.is-active {
  padding-left: 40px;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--about-red);
  outline: none;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(140, 0, 0, 0.045), transparent 72%);
}

.stack-issue.is-active > span,
.stack-issue.is-active h3 {
  color: var(--about-red);
}

.platform-section {
  background: var(--about-mist);
}

.platform-heading {
  max-width: 980px;
}

.platform-panorama {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--about-navy);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(16, 25, 35, 0.14);
}

.platform-panorama img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.platform-metrics {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.75fr) minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr) minmax(0, 1.05fr);
  gap: 34px;
  margin-top: 44px;
}

.platform-metrics > div {
  min-width: 0;
  padding-top: 22px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--about-red);
}

.platform-metrics strong {
  display: block;
  min-height: 54px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--about-navy);
  font-size: clamp(25px, 2vw, 30px);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.platform-metrics > div > span {
  display: block;
  color: #55606a;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.about-closing {
  position: relative;
  width: min(1240px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto 28px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 96px 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: var(--about-navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.about-closing::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  opacity: 0.13;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0 48%, rgba(255,255,255,.28) 49% 51%, transparent 52%),
    linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0 48%, rgba(255,255,255,.18) 49% 51%, transparent 52%);
  background-size: 86px 86px;
  transform: rotate(-8deg) scale(1.2);
}

.about-closing-inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 960px;
}

.about-closing .section-index {
  color: #e3a4a4;
}

.about-closing h2 {
  max-width: 860px;
  color: #fff;
}

.about-closing p:not(.section-index) {
  max-width: 820px;
  color: #c7d0d8;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.about-cta-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 38px;
}

.about-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 52px;
  padding: 12px 22px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.about-button:hover,
.about-button:focus-visible {
  border-color: #fff;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  outline: none;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.about-button-primary {
  border-color: var(--about-red);
  background: var(--about-red);
}

.about-button-primary:hover,
.about-button-primary:focus-visible {
  border-color: #a31515;
  background: #a31515;
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .about-hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .about-hero-copy {
    max-width: 850px;
  }

  .about-hero-visual {
    width: min(900px, 100%);
  }

  .constraint-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .power-wall-visual {
    width: min(680px, 100%);
  }

  .research-system-copy,
  .platform-metrics {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .pathway-flow {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0;
    padding-left: 12px;
  }

  .pathway-flow::before {
    top: 24px;
    bottom: 32px;
    left: 40px;
    width: 2px;
    height: auto;
  }

  .pathway-step {
    min-height: 155px;
    padding-left: 94px;
  }

  .pathway-number {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
  }

  .pathway-arrow {
    display: none;
  }

  .pathway-return {
    display: none;
  }

  .core-science-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(320px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
    gap: 48px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .about-hero,
  .about-section,
  .about-closing {
    padding-top: 76px;
    padding-bottom: 76px;
  }

  .research-system-visual {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 30px 26px;
  }

  .system-connector {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .system-stage strong {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .core-science-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .stack-visual {
    position: relative;
    top: auto;
  }

  .stack-issue {
    min-height: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .about-hero-grid {
    gap: 44px;
  }

  .about-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(39px, 12vw, 52px);
  }

  .about-hero-lead,
  .section-copy > p:not(.section-index),
  .section-heading-wide > p:not(.section-index),
  .about-closing p:not(.section-index) {
    font-size: 16.5px;
  }

  .about-keywords {
    display: grid;
    gap: 9px;
  }

  .about-keywords li:not(:last-child)::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .power-wall-visual {
    padding: 26px 20px 24px;
  }

  .formula {
    font-size: 31px;
  }

  .research-system-copy,
  .platform-metrics {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-system-copy {
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .section-heading-wide {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }

  .stack-visual {
    padding: 28px 18px 22px;
  }

  .stack-heat-flow {
    right: 30px;
    left: 30px;
  }

  .stack-issue {
    grid-template-columns: 32px 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
    padding-left: 18px;
  }

  .stack-issue:hover,
  .stack-issue:focus-visible,
  .stack-issue.is-active {
    padding-left: 24px;
  }

  .stack-issue h3 {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .stack-issue p {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .platform-metrics strong {
    min-height: 0;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .about-cta-actions {
    display: grid;
  }

  .about-button {
    width: 100%;
  }
}